A special Byte Magazine article published for Byte's 20th anniversary special report

Timeline chart, 1954 to today, printable; links to homes of many languages.

Two diagrams showing how many languages are related to each other.

Original, historic first documents for many early programming languages, like language manualsa, scanned and converted to PDF form.

Papers on use history of: comments, labels, literals, parentheses.

A list of computer languages and some links to compilers for these languages.

A poster plots over 50 programming languages on a multi-layered, color-coded timeline.

Short concise article on programming language history with some links.

History and critique of disagreements over language design details, citing some specific traits; by Brian Hayes. American Scientist.

This paper by Marat Boshernitsan includes an historical overview of some of the pioneering efforts in the field.

An encyclopedia description of PL/I history with many links to programming terms.